[90 Commonwealth Ave.; forwardedHale, Emilyholidays in Cape Cod;n2 to Mrs Edward F. McClennan, East Harwich, Mass.]
I was glad to find your letter no. 42 of June 16 on my return from Dublin, the last, presumably, from Northampton. IHale, Emilyas director ('producer');v9Electra;a7 wish indeed that I could have heard the Electra (I don’t think you said whose translation it was, IMurray, Gilberthis Electra;a1 fear Gilbert Murray’s, but there is not much to choose from).1 I hope that there were some photographs of it, which I may eventually see. You are now in Maine (I don’t know where Northport is) and I am glad to think that you will have so much of the seaside. I only hope that the ‘communal’ life of Grand Manan will not be fatiguing; butThorp, Margaret (née Farrand);b6 Margaret Thorp is a person of such restless energy (I wonder what her views on international politics will be) andEliot, Revd Christopher Rhodes (TSE's uncle);b1 I myself have a terror of excessive community, when (as at Uncle Christopher’s camp) it means the complete deprivation of privacy.2
Itravels, trips and plansTSE's 1940 visit to Dublin;d9recounted;a6 have had two days on the sea too, though I did not attempt to bathe. [T]he Lennox Robinsons’ cottage has a most charming situation on the shore, south of Dublin, looking out towards Bray Head and the Wicklow hills, on a bay; and the cliffs and vegetation have a slightly riviera aspect. The weather was good. I arrived on Saturday afternoon and had a very full two days. WeHyde, DouglasDeirdre;a1 whisked back to Dublin after tea to hear a very dreary verse play – a ‘Deirdre’ by Douglas Hyde, who is no great poet 3 – performedMcNeill, Jamesdirects dreary verse play;a1 at the broadcasting station under the direction of Mrs. James Macneill, widow of the last viceroy: 4 stopping to congratulate the performers afterwards. There were one or two good voices, but the rest were not Irish enough: the best that could be said is that they made the poetry sound a little better than it was. InIrelandits folklore;a8 any case I can never get enthusiastic about Conchubar (pronounced Connor) and Cuchulain (pronounced Coohoolan) and the Red Branch Kings and the Sidhe and Mananan and all the other furniture of Irish folklore. Afterwards, dined with Mrs. MacNeill, a pleasant woman, at the one French restaurant, on Stephen’s Green, and returned to Dalkey by train. On Sunday, Mass at Donnybrook, followed by a quick whiskey at the Fox Rock Club, andO'Brien, George;a1 then a lunch party given by Dr. O’Brien, an economist at the university,5 at the Dun Laoghaire Yacht Club. ThereMacDermot, Frank;a1 was a terrace, and small yachts sailing about, as it were Marblehead on a quiet July day. A party of people, including a Greek lecturer from Trinity College, and a man whose name is somehow familiar, Frank MacDermot6 – is he a producer? – whoseThayer, Scofield;a4 wifeOrr, Elaine;a1 informed me that she had been at one time married to Scofield Thayer.7 ThenFitzgerald, Desmond;a3 back to a very large tea party at the Robinsons’ – allPakenham, Edward, 6th Earl of Longfordat the Robinsons;a3 the usual literary and theatre folk, like the Longfords, and Fitz Gerald, and a great many other folk, some of whom the Robinsons did not admit to knowing themselves. Some of the guests bathed, and there was a certain amount of group photography on the lawn. After'Yeats'on delivering;a4 this, a short rest, a cold supper, and then in to the Abbey. I had never been in that theatre before, so my first sight of it was from the stage. It is a pleasant little theatre, shabby and old fashioned, but excellent acoustics, holding about 500 people. It was full. IYeats, William Butler ('W. B.')and 'Yeats';c3 think that my lecture on Yeats went off well, so far as I could judge: the audience was attentive, applauded sufficiently, and there were no political demonstrations. I don’t mean that they would have demonstrated against me, or against England; but that on any Irish topic – such as Yeats’s poetry, the Irish are sure to disagree; and I knew from my previous visit that Yeats’s peculiar (and I should agree, to a large extent pernicious) religious heresies have not made him altogether loved by the clerical party – and a few years ago, at least, the moral censorship of books in Ireland, and of all art, was a very burning question. But I think I skated over thin ice pretty competently, indicating that while I regarded Yeats as the greatest poet of his time I did not hold with all his views, but suggesting that there were matters which could be better dealt with by the Irish themselves, and making clear that my job there was purely literary criticism. Afterwards, there was a small party at the flat of a Dr. Furlong, also something in the university, and then home by car. OnFitzgerald, Desmonddiscusses poetry and scholastics;a4 Monday morning I was fetched by Desmond Fitz Gerald (a nice cosmopolitan man whom I have known on and off for some years: after the 1916 rising he was sentenced to 20 years, but the sentence was remitted on the conclusion of the treaty, and he was a minister in the Cosgrave government, and is extremely well disposed towards us) and spent the morning with him discussing poetry andCoffey, Brian;a1 scholasticHone, Joseph M.;a1 philosophy together with young Brian Coffey and Joseph Hone (who is writing Yeats’ biography).8 IYeats, Georgie (née Hyde-Lees)lunch with;a1 had to take a taxi all the way back to Dalkey, as Mrs. Yeats was coming to lunch. (She is English, and was a cousin of the Shakespears’ – Mrs Pound).9 ThatMacDonagh, Donaghgives intellectual tea-party;a2 was agreeable and quiet, and afterwards I got a short nap before going to a young intellectual tea party at Donagh mac Donagh’s house in Sandymount; thence on to the Post Office (Broadcasting Station) where I gave a 20 minute broadcast talk on poetic drama, which seemingly was still more successful than the lecture. AfterKiernan, Delia;a3 that, a pick me up at a near by [sic] bar with one of the officials, ran into Delia Kiernan10 on the street, and then taken by Robinson to the flat of a Mrs. Nolan for dinner. Mrs. Nolan a very agreeable woman who turned out to have come from Salem Mass. née Hilda Johnson, but I don’t remember any Johnsons there, but there was no doubt about it, she had some unmistakeable water colours of Salem and knew the people. Andtravels, trips and plansTSE's 1940 visit to Dublin;d9involves TSE's first plane-journey;a7 up early the next morning to return by aeroplane (this my first venture into the air, but not at all terrifying).
There are many observations on Dublin that will keep. As before, it was pleasant but fatiguing. One assumes a different personality with the Irish: I am no longer the cold, correct Curzon-like figure that you know, but become a garrulous joker. They are a melancholy folk, the Irish, which is why they have to be up to larks the whole time, and leg-pulling and hilarity. And I find keeping up this geniality a little tiring. Still, it was a change. The Robinsons are very nice indeed, very simple, and like nearly everyone else, rather poor. MrsRobinson, Dolly;a1. R. is a grand-daughter of old Professor Dowden: 11 they are both Protestants. I know almost nothing about his plays, but I suppose they are very good. (ByArdrey, RobertThunder Rock;a1 the way, I am going next week to see an American play which is highly praised, called Thunder Rock; I wonder if you know anything about it).12
I have been trying to keep rather quiet since my return; theMacaulay, Roseprotests about Purchase Tax with TSE;a3 onlyUnwin, Stanley;a1 event has been spending yesterday afternoon sitting on the platform (between Rose Macaulay and Stanley Unwin) at a meeting to protest against the application of Purchase Tax to Books.13 FaberFaber, Geoffreyand Purchase Tax exertions;h4 made, I thought, much the best speech; thoughPriestley, J. B.speaks at Purchase Tax meeting;a5 Jack Priestly [sic] was very effective: the M.P.s who spoke did not seem to me nearly such finished orators. But that is perhaps because they speak too much: Faber always gives the most careful preparation and in consequence talks very good English. I didn’t have to say anything. Now I am having a quiet weekend. I have recently made the acquaintance of various people in the neighbourhood, and of the tenant of the ground floor flat – something which would never happen in Kensington in peace time.
This summer, though so crowded with public events, will be a kind of vacuum, and I shall really be glad when it is autumn again. To-day there is a good rain, which I welcome. What I should like would be some work of immediate importance of a kind which I felt I could do better than anybody else; but there doesn’t seem to be any; so one must patiently try to do as efficiently as possible the things that come to hand. I wish that I might be in Maine with you; yetEnglandwar binds TSE to;b7 nothing on earth (except some task of national importance) would make me want to leave England at present. So I try to remember that it is better to be far away from you, than to be with you and wish that I was here.
1.Gilbert Murray, The Electra of Euripides (1905). TSE was unequivocally critical of the literary quality of the translations by the eminent Hellenist Gilbert Murray (1866–1957): see ‘Euripides and Professor Murray’, Sacred Wood (1920); repr. in Selected Essays (1951): CProse 2, 195–201.
2.Revd Christopher Rhodes Eliot (1856–1945), churchman and educator, ran a summer camp in Canada. On 6 Feb. 1932, when TSE was appointed to the Norton Chair at Harvard, ‘Uncle Chris’ had written to him: ‘How I wish your visit might be early enough to include a visit to Camp again. You wouldn’t recognize it, but the Lake and the hills are the same, and could make you have a good time, I know.’ Abigail Adams Eliot explained to Elizabeth W. Driscoll: ‘Tom was just my brother’s age (Dr Frederick May Eliot) and all the cousins got together at our Summer place in Gloucester and then at the house we had in a little town in Canada’ (‘Memories of T. S. Eliot’, Boston Globe, 11 Apr. 1965).
3.DouglasHyde, Douglas Hyde (1860–1949), eminent academic, scholar of the Irish language (co-founder of the Gaelic League and its first president), politician, diplomat; and first President of Ireland, 1938–45. Hyde’s verse adaptation of the ancient Irish Déirdre was published in 1895.
4.JamesMcNeill, James McNeill (1869–1938), politician and diplomat; served as High Commissioner to the UK (representing the Irish Free State); as Governor-General of the Irish Free State, 1928–32 (making him in fact the last-but-one ‘viceroy’). Josephine McNeill (1895–1969), who was a schoolteacher in her early career, became after her husband’s demise a strong voice in Irish cultural affairs, serving on a number of committees, and a diplomat: from 1950 she was Minister to the Netherlands; from 1955 Minister to Sweden; and from 1957 her brief was to include Austria and Switzerland. She retired in 1960.
5.GeorgeO'Brien, George O’Brien (1892–1973), politician, economist, academic and author; Professor of National Economics – later Political Economy – at University College, Dublin, 1921–61.
6.FrankMacDermot, Frank MacDermot (1886–1975), lawyer and politician. Born in Dublin and educated in England at Downside School and Oxford, he qualified as a barrister and worked for some while as a New York banker before election as a Senator to Dáil Éireann, 1932–7, 1938–43.
7.InOrr, Elaine 1916 Scofield Thayer married Elaine Orr, who later fell in love with and bore a child by E. E. Cummings. In 1924 she fell for Frank MacDermot, whom she had met on a boat, and duly took him as her third husband.
8.JosephHone, Joseph M. M. Hone (1882–1959), Irish writer, biographer, editor, critic.
9.GeorgieYeats, Georgie (née Hyde-Lees) Yeats, née Hyde-Lees (1892–1968), daughter of Gilbert and Nelly Hyde-Lees, was a close friend of Ezra Pound’s wife, Dorothy Shakespear. After the death of Georgie’s father, her mother married Henry Tucker, Dorothy Shakespear’s maternal uncle.
10.Delia Kiernan (1902–71), singer and collector of songs who – in Rome during the war – helped Monsignor Hugh O’Flaherty to save the lives of thousands of Allied soldiers and Jews.
11.DollyRobinson, Dolly Robinson (1901–77), artist and theatre designer, was granddaughter on her mother’s side of Edward Dowden (1843–1913), critic and poet; Professor of Oratory and English Literature at Trinity College, Dublin.
12.Robert Ardrey, Thunder Rock (1939) – a play that met with a lukewarm reception when directed on Broadway by Elia Kazan in 1939 – was first staged in the UK, starring Michael Redgrave and Bernard Miles, at the Neighbourhood Theatre in Kensington, where it became a huge success. The British government was so delighted by its effect as a morale-booster that it secretly paid for the play to be transferred to the Globe Theatre for an extended run.
13.The meeting at the Stationers’ Hall (5 July) urged that ‘Books should be excluded from the Scope of Purchase Tax’: see The Book Crisis, ed. Gilbert McAllister (F&F, 1940). See further TSE to Hayward, 7 July 1940 (Letters 9, 581–3).
2.RevdEliot, Revd Christopher Rhodes (TSE's uncle) Christopher Rhodes Eliot (1856–1945) andEliot, Abigail Adams (TSE's cousin) his daughter Abigail Adams Eliot (b. 1892). ‘After taking his A.B. at Washington University in 1856, [Christopher] taught for a year in the Academic Department. He later continued his studies at Washington University and at Harvard, and received two degrees in 1881, an A.M. from Washington University and an S.T.B. from the Harvard Divinity School. He was ordained in 1882, but thereafter associated himself with eastern pastorates, chiefly with the Bulfinch Place Church in Boston. His distinctions as churchman and teacher were officially recognized by Washington University in [its] granting him an honorary Doctorate of Laws in 1925’ (‘The Eliot Family and St Louis’: appendix prepared by the Department of English to TSE’s ‘American Literature and the American Language’ [Washington University Press, 1953].)
11.GeoffreyFaber, Geoffrey Faber (1889–1961), publisher and poet: see Biographical Register.
3.DesmondFitzgerald, Desmond Fitzgerald (1888–1947), Irish Nationalist politician; poet. See Letters 4; Karl O’Hanlon in the Irish Times: https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/desmond-fitzgerald-on-ts-eliot-a-revolutionary-taste-in-poetry-1.4438458.
8.JosephHone, Joseph M. M. Hone (1882–1959), Irish writer, biographer, editor, critic.
3.DouglasHyde, Douglas Hyde (1860–1949), eminent academic, scholar of the Irish language (co-founder of the Gaelic League and its first president), politician, diplomat; and first President of Ireland, 1938–45. Hyde’s verse adaptation of the ancient Irish Déirdre was published in 1895.
1.RoseMacaulay, Rose Macaulay (1881–1958), novelist, biographer, travel writer. Her fictions include Dangerous Ages (1921); Told by an Idiot (1923); Keeping Up Appearances (1928); The Towers of Trebizond (1956). Created DBE, 1957. (TSE’s secretary Brigid O’Donovan was Macaulay’s goddaughter.)
6.FrankMacDermot, Frank MacDermot (1886–1975), lawyer and politician. Born in Dublin and educated in England at Downside School and Oxford, he qualified as a barrister and worked for some while as a New York banker before election as a Senator to Dáil Éireann, 1932–7, 1938–43.
14.DonaghMacDonagh, Donagh MacDonagh (1912–68), Irish poet and playwright; barrister and judge (the youngest judge in Ireland on his appointment in 1941). His works include collections of verse: Variations and Other Poems (1941) and A Warning to Conquerors (1968); and verse plays including the acclaimed Happy as Larry (1946) and Lady Spider (1980). In a later year, TSE wrote this blurb for The Hungry Grass (F&F, 1947): ‘Donagh MacDonagh is an Irish poet of established reputation, whose work has until now been known in England only by those poems which have appeared from time to time in English magazines. This is the first collection of his poems to be published in this country. It will lead, we believe, to a valuation of this poet which will give him an assured place among the poets of his generation.’
4.JamesMcNeill, James McNeill (1869–1938), politician and diplomat; served as High Commissioner to the UK (representing the Irish Free State); as Governor-General of the Irish Free State, 1928–32 (making him in fact the last-but-one ‘viceroy’). Josephine McNeill (1895–1969), who was a schoolteacher in her early career, became after her husband’s demise a strong voice in Irish cultural affairs, serving on a number of committees, and a diplomat: from 1950 she was Minister to the Netherlands; from 1955 Minister to Sweden; and from 1957 her brief was to include Austria and Switzerland. She retired in 1960.
5.GeorgeO'Brien, George O’Brien (1892–1973), politician, economist, academic and author; Professor of National Economics – later Political Economy – at University College, Dublin, 1921–61.
7.InOrr, Elaine 1916 Scofield Thayer married Elaine Orr, who later fell in love with and bore a child by E. E. Cummings. In 1924 she fell for Frank MacDermot, whom she had met on a boat, and duly took him as her third husband.
4.EdwardPakenham, Edward, 6th Earl of Longford Pakenham, 6th Earl of Longford (1902–61), Anglo-Catholic Irish peer, politician (Irish Nationalist), dramatist and translator, succeeded to the earldom in 1915 and was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. Chairman of the Gate Theatre, Dublin, 1930–6. Yahoo (1933), his play about Jonathan Swift – ‘the father of modern Irish nationalism,’ as Longford hailed him – was running at the Westminster Theatre, London.
1.J. B. PriestleyPriestley, J. B. (1894–1984), novelist, playwright, social commentator, broadcaster; author of bestselling novels including The Good Companions (1929) and Angel Pavement (1930); and plays including Time and the Conways (1937) and An Inspector Calls (1945).
11.DollyRobinson, Dolly Robinson (1901–77), artist and theatre designer, was granddaughter on her mother’s side of Edward Dowden (1843–1913), critic and poet; Professor of Oratory and English Literature at Trinity College, Dublin.
11.ScofieldThayer, Scofield Thayer (1890–1982), American poet and publisher; pioneering editor of the Dial. Thayer came from a wealthy New England family, which enabled him to travel and to become a patron of the arts. He was a friend of TSE from Milton Academy, where he was his junior by a year. Like TSE, he went on to Harvard and Oxford, where from 1914 he spent two years studying philosophy at Magdalen College: it was in his rooms there that TSE met Vivien Haigh-Wood in 1915. From 1919 to 1925 he was editor of the Dial, having joined forces with James Sibley Watson (who became president of the magazine) to save it from closure. Re-launched as a monthly in January 1920, the Dial became the most enterprising cultural and arts magazine in the USA. It published TSE’s ‘London Letters’ and The Waste Land as well as important essays by him such as ‘Ulysses, Order and Myth’; Yeats, Pound, Cummings, Joyce and others of the most important Anglophone modernists; and influential European writers including Mann, Hofmannsthal and Valéry. A meeting between Thayer and Lady Rothermere prompted her to finance the Criterion, with Eliot as editor.
16.MargaretThorp, Margaret (née Farrand) Farrand (1891–1970), author and journalist – see Margaret Thorp in Biographical Register.
9.GeorgieYeats, Georgie (née Hyde-Lees) Yeats, née Hyde-Lees (1892–1968), daughter of Gilbert and Nelly Hyde-Lees, was a close friend of Ezra Pound’s wife, Dorothy Shakespear. After the death of Georgie’s father, her mother married Henry Tucker, Dorothy Shakespear’s maternal uncle.
4.W. B. YeatsYeats, William Butler ('W. B.') (1865–1939), Irish poet and playwright: see Biographical Register.