[22 Paradise Rd., Northampton, Mass.]
I was very glad to get your long pencilled letter of the 31st, and to learn that my Christmas letter had arrived; and I trust that my letter to New Bedford arrived there before you left, though the sailings were poor at about that time. I can understand, indeed expected, that you would find the stay in Boston trying in several ways, and am glad that it is over; but should like to know how well you feel and strong [sic] in beginning the new term.
IPerkins, Edith (EH's aunt);d1 cannot be sure at this distance of time, but I have no recollections of Mrs. Perkins’s note asking me to tea with the Brownes. I don’t recall her ever saying that the Brownes were coming or had come to tea, and I did not know that she had seen them while in London. So I believe that I could not have received the note; but I am puzzled to know why Mrs. Perkins never mentioned the matter to me. I am sorry about it, however it happened.
IMurder in the Cathedral1938 American tour;f6preparatory re-rehearsal for;b1 shall depend upon you for an accurate report and criticism of the company when you see them in Boston. As I may have told you I think the company has been strengthened on the whole: two good new knights, and one poor one who was to be demoted to the herald’s part instead, and was looking very sad. There is a very good understudy for Martin. I depend as much upon the chorus as anything, for it is the strongest the play has ever had, and I don’t believe people in America have ever heard anything like it. MartinSpeaight, Robertproblems with his performance persist;d2 wasBrowne, Elliott Martin1938 American Murder tour;c4suffers fit of pre-tour gloom;a2 very depressed, justMurder in the Cathedral1938 American tour;f6pre-crossing Liverpool dates;b2 before they went off to Liverpool, feeling that Bobby had become unteachable. He had picked up in the early rehearsals, but at the end had relapsed into his old somnambulistic rendering. I talked to Bobby a bit too, about his defects particularly in dealing with the first two temptations. I always felt that he played the part in the flat. One gets no feeling that these two temptations ever could have meant anything to him; there is no suggestion of the Becket of the past; he is external and solemnly pontifical and official, as he always was. I am afraid he is rather stupid, as well as conceited with success; and in America he will find more critical and discriminating audiences than most of those here. That should be good for him, but not for the success of the play. However, I don’t think it is as bad as Martin believed; and I told him it was quite right and proper that the producer should be depressed at this point, and it was a good thing to have his fit of gloom now. But of course the success or failure will make a difference to Martin’s future, as well as Bobby’s. We think it would have been a good thing if from the start Bobby had been made to exchange his role from time to time, and Martin or somebody else had sometimes played Becket: but of course it is much too late to broach such a suggestion now. Bobby has been rather difficult about terms too, and thought that he, as the star, ought to travel cabin, though everybody else was going tourist – however he was finally persuaded to travel in the humbler way.
TheWaste Land, Thedramatised for broadcast;b2 eventBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)dramatic Waste Land adaptation;b4 this week has been a ‘dramatic interpretation’ of ‘The Waste Land’, in the ‘experimental’ hour of the B.B.C. Half a dozen different speakers, of course, and a lot of incidental music, off-noises of crowds, bells, thunder etc. You can imagine. I was glad to have it done, merely as evidence that a poem should NOT be produced as a kind of play or noise-pageant. GeoffreyBridson, D. G. ('Geoffrey');a1 Bridson, a little lad from Lancashire whom I know, produced it; and he is quite the ablest man they have at that sort of thing.1 The actors evidently had not the smallest comprehension of what it was all about, but were eventually moderately well drilled, most of them. The B.B.C. had wanted me to come to the microphone afterwards and say exactly what I thought of it; but I am satisfied that it was best for me not to associate myself in any way, even to the extent of criticising unfavourably. AsRoberts, Michaelintroduces radio Waste Land;a3 it was, they got Michael Roberts (my own suggestion) to give a kind of introduction, in dialogue form with one of the staff, beforehand, and then say what he thought of the production afterwards; and he really spoke quite frankly and severely, and made some excellent points.2 Howeverpoetryversus drama;b5 ‘dramatic’ a poem is, it isn’t a drama; and lines which are really conceived to be spoken by one voice (and in writing a poem one is really working in terms of one’s own voice) lose a great deal of their effect when broken up and given to various speakers. And of course the music at times was irrelevant and made the verse difficult to hear. And of course they put too much expression into the lines. Now when one is writing a play, one forms the lines somehow quite differently from the start, conceiving them to be spoken by somebody else playing a part: and the result is entirely different – in so far as one is successful.
IFamily Reunion, TheTSE on writing;b4 have nearly finished the first draft of the new play: there is only a final chorus to be finished. Of course I am prepared to find that the end may have to be completely re-written; and there are a number of incidental flaws throughout which do not worry me, because I am confident that hard work can get the better of them. What is my greatest fear (and no one can judge of this danger until he has seen the entire text) is that the emotions which I am interested in recording may be too intangible and rare to make any clear impression upon the audience. Will the audience be baffled to see why the people behave as they do? will it all seem a great fuss over nothing? That is the serious question. ItDukes, Ashleypleased with Family Reunion fragment;d5 doesBrowne, Elliott Martin1939 production of The Family Reunion;c1pleased with draft;a6 not seem to have worried Dukes and Browne at all so far – that is in reading the first two-thirds of the play; but, as I say, this is a criticism which is more likely to rise in people’s minds after the play is over than while it is going on.
ThecheeseTSE's first Old Blue Cottenham;a9 other event of this week is a lovely Old Blue Cottenham cheese – the first I have ever tasted – which they have had at the club. It is a rare and expensive cheese – something like a Stilton, but incomparably better – made with cream instead of milk, and is really memorable.
I must stop now. I look forward to a succession of quiet weekends in London, and am really very well.
Waiting impatiently for Northampton news,
1.D. G. BridsonBridson, D. G. ('Geoffrey') (1910–80), dramatist and poet, worked for thirty-five years as one of the most creative writer-producers on BBC Radio, for which he produced two authoritative series, The Negro in America (1964) and America since the Bomb (1966). Early writing figured in Ezra Pound’s Active Anthology (1933), and later books include The Filibuster: A Study of the Political Ideas of Wyndham Lewis (1972) and Prospero and Ariel: The Rise and Fall of Radio (1971).
2.OnBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)which is censored for broadcast;b5n 11Waste Land, TheBridson on 'dramatised' broadcast;b3n Jan. 1938 the BBC broadcast The Waste Land for the first time – produced by D. G. Bridson: with comments on the broadcast by Michael Roberts and Freddie Grisewood (later famous for the programme Any Questions). The Programme Contracts Executive (Robert Gillott) had contacted TSE on 4 Jan.: ‘We understand from Mr Cox that you may wish to be present in the studio during the broadcast of the “Waste Land” programme on Tuesday, January 11th, from 10.15 to 11.0 p.m., and that you may possibly be broadcasting for about five to eight minutes at the end of the programme.’ TSE did not contribute to the broadcast.
Bridson, Prospero and Ariel, 64–5, 67: ‘The only production that I had time to mount in London was a radio dramatisation of The Waste Land, for which I had Eliot’s blessing. So far as I was concerned, this made quite remarkable radio, but I have to confess that Eliot did not share my own enthusiasm for the result. It will be remembered that the substance of the poem, on Eliot’s own showing, is “what Tiresias sees”. As dramatised, the substance of the poem becomes “what Tiresias says”. Apart from his linking narration, therefore, the poem resolved itself into a medley of remembered sounds and voices – the Lithuanian woman, Madame Sosostris, the girl in the pub, and the rest of them. As it transpired, the girl in the pub faced me with my only serious problem; for unlike poor Lil, the BBC flatly refused to swallow any abortion pills. I suddenly found myself under strict orders to omit all mention of them – vital as they were to the argument of the poem! Eliot was so incensed by this ridiculous censorship, that he only allowed the mangled text to go on the air at all out of a friendly feeling for me as producer. But what principally dismayed him about the production was Robert Farquharson’s performance in the key role of Tiresias.
‘Farquharson took to his role of the old man-woman with natural relish; his interpretation gave to it new shades of implication which Eliot little supposed were there. Never was sexual ambivalence heard more convincingly on the air … Even so, an audience of millions accepted The Waste Land on the air with surprising enthusiasm. For one thing, resolution into its different parts made it a great deal easier to follow. The mail which reached me after the broadcast was something of a surprise even to Eliot himself.’
1.D. G. BridsonBridson, D. G. ('Geoffrey') (1910–80), dramatist and poet, worked for thirty-five years as one of the most creative writer-producers on BBC Radio, for which he produced two authoritative series, The Negro in America (1964) and America since the Bomb (1966). Early writing figured in Ezra Pound’s Active Anthology (1933), and later books include The Filibuster: A Study of the Political Ideas of Wyndham Lewis (1972) and Prospero and Ariel: The Rise and Fall of Radio (1971).
4.E. MartinBrowne, Elliott Martin Browne (1900–80), English director and producer, was to direct the first production of Murder in the Cathedral: see Biographical Register.
4.AshleyDukes, Ashley Dukes (1885–1959), theatre manager, playwright, critic, translator, adapter, author; from 1933, owner of the Mercury Theatre, London: see Biographical Register.
1.MichaelRoberts, Michael Roberts (1902–48), critic, editor, poet: see Biographical Register.
2.RobertSpeaight, Robert Speaight (1904–77), actor, producer and author, was to create the role of Becket in Murder in the Cathedral in 1935: see Biographical Register.