[No surviving envelope]
In a way, I was glad not to hear from you this week since your thoughtful, but unnecessary exprès letter (why do the Italians use the French word?) of the 15th; because you have been so very good about writing regularly, and I should have felt it a burden upon you to write this week while moving about. Well, now I hope that you are settled comfortably at Beaulieu in warm pleasant weather; even London has had three days of very summery sun, only to-day an East wind and cloudiness.
ThereMercury Theatre, Londonstage too small for Doone;a6 have been alarums and excursions about the Play season. First, it was discovered that they needed more money guaranteed, and in Yeats’s absence nobody knew what to do about that. ThenDoone, Rupertresigns from Mercury Theatre season;b5 suddenly Doone resigned, because Guthrie found he couldn’t produce the Yeats plays, as he has another professional job, and Doone would not undertake to produce all the plays and no wonder.1 DooneGuthrie, Tyronecounsels Doone against Yeats's Mercury Theatre season;a1 hasSaint-Denis, Michelcounsels Doone against Mercury venture;a1 been to see me this afternoon and confesses privately that he has been advised by Guthrie and St. Denis (of the Compagnie des Quinze)2 not to have anything to do with it; because the Mercury stage is so small that he couldn’t do himself justice. I don’t really blame him, though I think he might have found this out sooner. WhatDoone, Rupertoffers Westminster Theatre production instead;b6 DooneAuden, Wystan Hugh ('W. H.')Doone wants for Westminster Theatre;a9 wouldWestminster Theatre, The, London;a2 like to do is to produce a Sunday evening of my play two Sundays in June at the Westminster Theatre, and do the same thing with Auden in the autumn. That would suit me best, because I don’t fancy having a new producer whom I don’t know take on my play at this stage; it would mean more work for me; and so far as my own interest goes, theCanterbury Cathedral Festival, 1935TSE flirts with premiering Murder elsewhere;a4 Canterbury production will probably get more notice in the London papers than this would. ButYeats, William Butler ('W. B.')TSE loyal to despite Doone;b1 on the other hand I feel a certain loyalty to Yeats too – he is hurrying over from Dublin on Monday – and if he wants and can provide a production of my play, and feel that it would be a help to his season, I shall not want to refuse. ThisDulac, Edmund;a5 hasCollis, Margot;a3 meant telephone conversations with Dulac and Miss Margot Collis. Auden will probably withdraw and stick to Doone, but then he doesn’t know Yeats. MartinBrowne, Elliott Martin1935 Canterbury Murder in the Cathedral;a5;a4 Browne is coming up to town and we shall meet on Thursday; and the following week I have to go down to Canterbury. The change of plan in London will only affect Canterbury to the extent of having to provide their own costumes.
ExceptMurder in the CathedralTSE on rewriting;a9 for two pieces to be written in the Part II, which are giving me trouble, I think that my play – if it deserves the name – is as near written as it can be before rehearsal begins.
AnotherCaetani, Marguerite (née Chapin)saga of unsettled debts;a8 alarum this week has been in the Bassiano Affair. I got a letter from her, very friendly, allLindsay, David Alexander Robert, 28th Earl of Crawford (styled Lord Balniel);a1 about the Exhibition of paintings she means to hold in London in May, and Lord Balniel3 (Fredo’s cousin) to be the chairman, and of course I would be on the committee etc. and saying not a word in reply to my ultimatum of nearly a month ago. This maddened me rather, but I rang up the bookseller. He told me that she had written on Feb. 22nd (the day after I wrote to her!) saying that she was enclosing a cheque, and would do so every month etc. but no cheque enclosed, only a p.s. saying that her husband advised her to instruct her London bankers to pay direct. But nearly a month, and no cheque. I accordingly wrote to her affectionately, but regretted that I did not feel that I could serve on her committee until and unless the booksellers account was dealt with. On the next day but one the bookseller rang up to say that a cheque for £15 had come! – she still owes him £120. I think that if she can afford to come to London with Lelia and run an exhibition, she can afford to pay her debts, which are two or three years old. I burden you with all this detail, because I have feared that you might think I was being harsh. But behaviour like this affronts both my inherited prejudices and my personal convictions.
ACulpin, Johanna ('Aunt Johanna', née Staengel)whom TSE helps;a8 third excursion has been that the Home Office have been trying to deport old Mrs. Culpin’s German boy Franz, on the ground that he was trying to get employment here. He wasn’t, and it seems to be the fault of the Jew tailor from whom he was to have had lessons. SoWolfe, Humbertintercedes for Jan Culpin's refugee;a2 I have had to get hold of Humbert Wolfe, who is a high official in the Ministry of Labour, and see Mrs. Culpin, and on Monday I have to interview the head man in the Aliens Department. It seems an ordinary case of official stupidity.
AlsoUniversal Christian Council for Life and WorkTSE asked to advise Archbishop of Canterbury over;a1 theBell, George, Bishop of Chichester (earlier Dean of Canterbury)asks TSE to advise Archbishop;b2 Bp. of Chichester wants me to serve on an Advisory Council to the Archbishop of Canterbury in connexion with a ‘Universal Christian Council for Life and Work’ which is to have an international meeting in 1937. ThatOldham, Josephéminence grise in Council for Life and Work;a7 is Joe Oldham’s doing. It sounds interesting, but I have written to ask him exactly how much time he expects one to give it. AndRichmond, Elenainterests TSE in Hindu cause;a1 Mrs. Richmond wants me to come andSorabji, Corneliaappeals to TSE;a1 meet a Miss Sorabji who is protesting against the dangers of religious persecution in India under the White Paper.4 It seems that the people who will be in power are a sort of Modernist Hindus, who are not in sympathy with the strict observance of the old faith, and who are likely to disturb the religious practices of the vast majority of Hindus much more tyrannously than the British Raj. The Indians want liberty, and at the same time want the British to protect them from each other. Much as the Filipinos seem to want to have no control from Washington, but to enjoy all the advantages of being under the American flag.
ITimes, Theno longer government mouthpiece;a2 was interested to learn, firstHayward, Johnbackstage at The Times;c7 from John Hayward who had it from Lady Vansittart, and then direct from Roland de Margerie, that The Times is no longer the mouthpiece for the foreign policy of the Government. TheDaily Telegraphnow government mouthpiece;a1 Government, I understand, now speaks through the Daily Telegraph. ApparentlyAstor, Nancy, Viscountessreputedly pro-German;a2 theanti-Semitism;b2 Astors are rather pro-German (which is unreasonable as they are German Jews themselves)5 but it may be Lady Astor; andMacDonald, J. Ramsayreputedly anti-German;a2 the Government, especially Macdonald, is now anti-German. Macdonald, it is said, was deeply stirred by the beheading of two women in Berlin as spies a few weeks ago.6 The publication in The Times this morning of a letter from Austen Chamberlain and others protesting against their leading article on Germany may have some relevance to this.7
ITreaty of VersaillesTSE on;a1 amGrey, Edward, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodonresponsible for botching Versailles;a1 oneGermanyin light of Versailles;a8 of those who incline to the belief that if Grey had made clear to Germany in 1914 that in certain eventualities Britain would certainly be with France, the war might have been averted.8 SimilarlyEuropein the event of war;a5 IFranceFrench politics;b4England's natural ally;a3 should like it to be clear now that in a Franco-German (and therefore European) conflict Britain must be on the side of France. That does not mean that I approve altogether of French policy, by any means. But foreign policy is not a matter of this attitude toward this country, and another toward that: it is settled by the general relation of a number of countries amongst themselves. With all the changes of forms of government, it is remarkable that the Entkreisungspolitik9 of pre-1914 remains just the same, with Britain, France and Russia surrounding Germany. But I do not anticipate a war in the near future.
IEliot, Vivien (TSE's first wife, née Haigh-Wood)harries F&F office;d9 haveFamily Reunion, Theand TSE as Orestes;a1 again, I am sorry to say, had a reversion to the Orestes role. ISwan, Etheland VHE;a5 find that V. has called several times at my office, asked to see me, endeavoured to pump Miss Swan, and embarrassed her by inviting her to tea.10 Just when I had begun to believe that I was quite safe. Miss Swan is a very tactful and reliable girl, andO'Donovan, Brigidinstructed how to deal with VHE;a3 Morley has given instructions to her and to Miss O’Donovan. It was kind of her not to say anything to me about it, but to consult Morley. (DonaldMorley, Donald;a6, by the way, has been very ill at his school with pneumonia, but is said to be out of danger. ItMorley, Christina (née Innes)therefore special affinity with Donald;a8 wouldMorley, Donaldclose to mother's Celtic soul;a7 nearly kill Christina to lose him, I think, because the other two are positive Morleys, and Donald takes very much after her and her family – very Scotch). Of course she may abandon this pursuit as abruptly as she has taken it up. SheCulpin, Johanna ('Aunt Johanna', née Staengel)quarrels with VHE;a9 has quarrelled violently with Jan Culpin over a sewing machine (I knew she would) and is said to be carrying about a cardboard box, seemingly with nothing in it, which she says she must deliver to me in person. Once I am in my office, or away from it, I feel fairly safe; but it is a strain always to scan everyone in the street on approaching or on leaving it. And I get such hideous dreams of meeting her, or of being shut up somewhere where I cannot get away from her. I feel that my religious development is still very embryonic, for me to be so affected by such things. It is impossible for me to think of her just as a human being, though I try to; the best I can do is to recognise that my feelings are distorted: that this hideous feeling of contamination is not an objective way of seeing the situation. If I could be quite sure, that in this life I should never see her again, it would be a very great release.
IWoolfs, the;c1 wrote to the China Shop – who immediately wrote apologetically – and now I have the other tea dish and bowl – and I am going to have the Woolfs to tea, and I wish that you might be coming to tea with them. ButWoolf, Virginiaher feminism;b6 if it can be arranged, I want them to come again when you are here, as I should very much like you to have the opportunity of talking with her.
IScripps College, Claremont;e7 have said nothing more about Scripps. It has been a great deal in my mind. But what is there more for me to say? Until, of course, I can talk the matter over with you – at the Escargots, or the Etoile, or in a Cotswold lane: where, I wonder? which?: it seems to be a point at which there is much more to say, but no more to write.
Now God bless you and tuck you up in Beaulieu, and send his sun to shine upon you there, and make you brown before I see you again.
EnclosedFaith That Illuminates;a1 review'Religion and Literature';a3 of a book is I think uncritically favourable. Book itself consists of a collection of hasty lectures, my own as hastily prepared as any.11 Not important enough to burden your library with.
InHinkley, Susan Heywood (TSE's aunt, née Stearns);b6 return for yours, I enclose a letter from Susie. There is something pathetic in the cry ‘we like ourselves’! It is so very, very remote from reality.
1.DooneDoone, Rupertresigns from Mercury Theatre season;b5n to TSE, 18 Mar. 1935: ‘TyroneGuthrie, Tyronewithdraws from Mercury season;a2n Guthrie is unable to take any part in the proposed season. His next production has been advanced 2 weeks. This means that it will be impossible to find a producer of known goodness to give his services free as I should have to.
‘Three weeks rehearsals with as many as five plays to do would be impossible for me, even should the committee (I should say Yeats) perhaps would desire it. So I am afraid I have had to inform Ashley Dukes and others that I personally must retire from the scheme …
‘ThisYeats, William Butler ('W. B.')who records antipathy between TSE and;b2n means that I have given you enormous amount of trouble, for which I do apologise.’
Doone wrote by hand at the foot of this letter: ‘Yeats & Eliot did not get on well.’
SeeDukes, Ashleyapproaches Doone over Mercury Theatre season;a3n too Medley, Drawn from the Life: A Memoir: ‘Dukes had approached Rupert to join discussions with T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, and Tyrone Guthrie about the possibilities of creating “a home for poetic drama” at the Mercury. It would be initiated by a season of plays possibly including Sweeney Agonistes, The Dance of Death and something by Yeats. However much respect Eliot and Yeats had for each other, there were disagreements. Eliot told Rupert after one meeting that he felt like “kicking Yeats downstairs”.’
See too Sidnell, Dances of Death, 120–3.
2.CompagnieSaint-Denis, Michel des Quinze: theatre production company organised by Michel Saint-Denis (nephew of Jacques Copeau), together with the playwright André Obey, at the Théatre du Vieux-Colombier, Paris, 1929–34.
3.David Alexander Robert Lindsay, Lord Balniel (1900–75).
4.ElenaSorabji, Cornelia Richmond invited TSE to meet Cornelia Sorabji (1866–1954) – barrister and prominent social reformer, and author of a book of reminiscences entitled India Calling – at their London home, 3 Sumner Place, S.W.7, on Fri., 29 Mar. Sorabji’s ‘Note re Orthodox Hindus and Protection for Religion’ lamented one specific aspect of the Report on the Indian Constitutional Reform, to the effect that the protection accorded to religion since 1858 (Queen Victoria’s Proclamation) would seem to have been deliberately withdrawn.
5.The American-born British politician Nancy, Viscountess Astor (1879–1964), Conservative MP, 1919–45, and wife of the politician and newspaper proprietor Waldorf Astor (1879–1952), is reported to have expressed anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic sentiments; and through the 1930s cultivated a positive rapprochement with the Nazi party in Germany.
6.In 1934, a handsome aristocratic officer of the Polish army, Col. Baron Georg von Sosnowski, made use of affairs with two secretaries at the Reichswehrministerium to gather documentary information about Germany’s Mobilisation and Attack Plan. Condemned for their treachery in passing state secrets to Poland, on 13 Feb. 1935 Benita von Falkenhayn and Renate von Natzmer were executed by decapitation in the grounds of the Ploetzensee Prison.
7.‘GermanyLeague of Nations;a1n and the Treaty: The French Appeal: A Matter Proper to The League’ (letter), The Times, 22 Mar. 1935, 17:
SirTreaty of Versaillesletter to The Times on;a2n, – May we express our regretful surprise at the leading article in which you condemn the action of the French Government in seeking to bring before the Council of the League of Nations the “flagrant” violation of the Treaty of Versailles by Germany? We had always supposed that the League was a body expressly created for the purpose of enabling any one of its members who felt themselves endangered by the action of any other member or of a State outside the League to call the attention of the other States members to the facts, and to discuss with them what, if any measure could be taken to avert danger. It cannot seriously be questioned that the reintroduction of conscription by Germany gives rise to general and acute uneasiness, and therefore that France, as the country with the best cause for uneasiness, is fully within her rights in bringing Germany’s action before the League.
Your leading article makes a series of assumptions very remarkable in a quarter where the public is accustomed to look for an expression of sensible and impartial views:-
(1)—You assume that “the flagrant violation of a Treaty” is a matter of so little importance that it ought for all practical purposes to be condoned.
(2)—You support this condonation because, unless it is forthcoming, you fear that Germany cannot be brought back to Geneva to make other agreements – the ultimate violation of which is also, no doubt, to be condoned for fear that she should leave again.
(3)—You attach exclusive importance to the question whether the Treaty of Versailles was fair to Germany; but you totally omit the fact that Germany has torn up the Treaty in defiance of her acceptance of the London communiqué of February 3, and on the very eve of negotiations designed and calculated to amend the Treaty in her favour.
It is really a bewildering argument that the League must not speak of Germany, but that Germany can insult the League; that Germany is entitled, from all save a purely juridical standpoint, to create the strongest army in Europe under the undisputed control of a regime boasting itself to be revolutionary and ruthless, but that no Power is entitled to call the attention of the League to this fact; and that, in spite of Germany’s recent actions, the future policy of all countries should “depend on Germany’s word” and take no notice of her actions.
What is the meaning of Collective Security, what the meaning of the Covenant itself, if the Council is not the proper court of appeal when a treaty is flagrantly violated?
—————Your obedient servants,
—————Austen Chamberlain.
—————E. C. Grenfell.
—————Florence Horsbrugh.
—————G. Nicholson.
—————W. Ross Taylor.
House of Commons, March 21.
The Times followed with this response: ‘The leading article in question did not dispute Germany’s flagrant violation of the Treaty of Versailles or the right of France to bring it before the League Council. Still less did it suggest that Germany’s action should be condoned. What was questioned was the practical advantage of a formal appeal to the League of Nations at the very moment when the British Foreign Secretary is proceeding to Berlin on a mission of which one of the declared objects is to bring Germany back into the League.’
8.EdwardGrey, Edward, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), Liberal statesman; Foreign Secretary, 1905–16; Ambassador to the USA, 1919–20; Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords, 1923–4.
9.‘enclosure policy’.
10.VivienFaber and Faber (F&F)VHE's appearances at;c7n EliotEliot, Vivien (TSE's first wife, née Haigh-Wood)harries F&F office;d9 had been applying to F&F for some months in an effort to find out more about TSE, if not to meet him. On Weds., 28 Mar. 1934, she recorded in her diary: ‘Then I telephoned Faber & Faber, and asked for Tom, at 3.30. Mr De la Mare’s secretary answered, & said there was a Committee & she cld. not ask him to come. I telephoned again at 5, & was told he had just gone. ISwan, Etheland VHE;a5 telephoned again at 6, spoke to Miss Swan. They were all very nice to me. So I shall go on.’ But it was only on 8 Mar. 1935 that she finally nerved herself to call at the publishers’ offices (accompanied by the young Franz Pfeiffer Culpin), as she recorded in her diary: ‘SoO'Donovan, Brigidwhom she deflects;a4n I saw dear Miss Swan, Tom’s secretary, Miss O’Donovan, a very nice, tired girl. We did not see Tom. They said he was not there & that he is very erratic. Tom never was erratic. He was the most regular of men, liking his meals at home, his Church, his club very seldom, & a most sweet & homely man. It is not right of Tom to refuse to come home. It is cruel, anti-social, anti-religious, anti-economic, untidy, stupid, un-moral, & in NO way excusable.’
On 9 Mar. Miss O’Donovan assured her that ‘all letters & communications do reach Tom, & that all pass through her hands’. Vivien went again to 24 Russell Square on 18 Mar.: ‘This time the Secretary, Miss O’Donovan, looked rather sick. I said, so Mr Eliot is not always here for Board Meetings? Then I said of course you know I shall have to keep on coming here -- & she said, “Of course it is for you to decide” & I said loudly “it is too absurd, I have been frightened away too long. I am his wife – .’
See O’Donovan’s memoir, ‘The Love Song of T. S. Eliot’s Secretary’, Confrontation (literary journal of Long Island University), no. 11 (Fall/Winter 1975); and Anne Ridler’s letter to the TLS, 13 Apr. 1984, which includes this comment: ‘While Eliot himself found Vivienne’s pursuit of him humiliating and agonizing, he never felt indifference to her pain.’
11.‘Religion and Literature, by T. S. Eliot’, in Faith that Illuminates, ed. V. A. Demant (published Mar. 1935), 29–54.
10.W. H. AudenAuden, Wystan Hugh ('W. H.') (1907–73), poet, playwright, librettist, translator, essayist, editor: see Biographical Register.
4.RtBell, George, Bishop of Chichester (earlier Dean of Canterbury) Revd George Bell, DD (1883–1958), Bishop of Chichester, 1929–58: see Biographical Register.
4.E. MartinBrowne, Elliott Martin Browne (1900–80), English director and producer, was to direct the first production of Murder in the Cathedral: see Biographical Register.
4.MargueriteCaetani, Marguerite (née Chapin) Caetani, née Chapin (1880–1963) – Princesse di Bassiano – literary patron and editor: see Biographical Register. LéliaCaetani, Lélia Caetani (1913–77), sole daughter, was to marry Hubert Howard (1908–87), a scion of the English Catholic House of Howard, who worked to preserve the Caetani heritage at Rome and at the castle of Sermoneta.
3.MargotCollis, Margot Collis (1907–51) used her first married name, Collis, as an actor; her maiden name, Ruddock, as a poet. Michael J. Sidnell characterises her as ‘a beautiful, humourless woman with high artistic and intellectual ambitions, who had recently been the lessee, with her husband, of two provincial theatres. In September 1933 she had written to Yeats, out of the blue, to propose the foundation of a poets’ theatre. Yeats met her in London in October and became her lover. He decided that she had the beauty and the intellectual passion to be a great actor and began to execute her idea with gusto and with a view to advancing her career’ (Sidnell, Dances of Death, 266). See further Ah, Sweet Dancer: W. B. Yeats and Margot Ruddock: A Correspondence, ed. Roger McHugh (1970); Yeats, Uncollected Prose, ed, John P. Frayne and Colton Johnson, 501–6.
2.RupertDoone, Rupert Doone (1903–66), dancer, choreographer and producer, founded the Group Theatre, London, in 1932: see Biographical Register.
4.AshleyDukes, Ashley Dukes (1885–1959), theatre manager, playwright, critic, translator, adapter, author; from 1933, owner of the Mercury Theatre, London: see Biographical Register.
7.EdmundDulac, Edmund Dulac (1882–1953), French-born British book and magazine illustrator; designer.
8.EdwardGrey, Edward, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), Liberal statesman; Foreign Secretary, 1905–16; Ambassador to the USA, 1919–20; Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords, 1923–4.
10.TyroneGuthrie, Tyrone Guthrie (1900–71), theatre and opera director; later instrumental in the founding of the Stratford Festival of Canada and the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
11.JohnHayward, John Davy Hayward (1905–65), editor and critic: see Biographical Register.
11.TSELindsay, David Alexander Robert, 28th Earl of Crawford (styled Lord Balniel) was the guest of David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford (1900–75) – politician, landowner, and patron of the arts – who was Rector of St Andrews University, 1952–5. Educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford, Lindsay had been a Unionist MP, 1924–40; a Trustee of the Tate Gallery, 1932–7; National Gallery, 1935–41, 1945–52, 1953–60; British Museum, 1940–73; and a member of the Standing Commission on Museums and Galleries, 1937–52. In addition, he was Chair of the Trustees of the National Galleries of Scotland, 1952–72; the Royal Fine Arts Commission, 1943–57; and the Trustees of the National Gallery of Scotland, 1944. His seat was Balcarres House, nr. Colinsburgh, in the East Neuk of Fife.
2.JohnMorley, Donald Donald Innes Morley (b. 15 Mar. 1926).
3.BrigidO'Donovan, Brigid O’Donovan, TSE’s secretary from Jan. 1935 to Dec. 1936: see Biographical Register.
8.JosephOldham, Joseph (‘Joe’) Houldsworth Oldham (1874–1969), missionary, adviser, organiser: see Biographical Register.
2.CompagnieSaint-Denis, Michel des Quinze: theatre production company organised by Michel Saint-Denis (nephew of Jacques Copeau), together with the playwright André Obey, at the Théatre du Vieux-Colombier, Paris, 1929–34.
4.ElenaSorabji, Cornelia Richmond invited TSE to meet Cornelia Sorabji (1866–1954) – barrister and prominent social reformer, and author of a book of reminiscences entitled India Calling – at their London home, 3 Sumner Place, S.W.7, on Fri., 29 Mar. Sorabji’s ‘Note re Orthodox Hindus and Protection for Religion’ lamented one specific aspect of the Report on the Indian Constitutional Reform, to the effect that the protection accorded to religion since 1858 (Queen Victoria’s Proclamation) would seem to have been deliberately withdrawn.
2.EthelSwan, Ethel Swan, a Faber & Gwyer ‘pioneer’, joined the firm on 12 Oct. 1925, as telephonist and receptionist, retiring in 1972 after 47 years. PeterSwan, EthelPeter du Sautoy's tribute to;a2n du Sautoy reported in 1971: ‘These duties she still performs with admirable skill and charm … SheJoyce, Jameson the phone to the F&F receptionist;c1n has an amazing memory for voices and it is certain that if James Joyce were to return to earth to telephone a complaint (he called us “Feebler and Fumbler”) she would say “Good morning, Mr Joyce” before he could introduce himself, as if he had previously been telephoning only yesterday. Many a visiting author or publisher from overseas has felt more kindly towards Faber & Faber as a result of Miss Swan’s friendly recognition’ (‘Farewell, Russell Square’, The Bookseller no. 3410 [1 May 1971], 2040).
5.HumbertWolfe, Humbert Wolfe (1885–1940) – originally Umberto Wolff (the family became British citizens in 1891, and he changed his name in 1918) – poet, satirist, critic, civil servant. The son of Jewish parents (his father was German, his mother Italian), he was born in Bradford (where his father was in a wool business), and went to the Grammar School there. A graduate of Wadham College, Oxford, he worked at the Board of Trade and the Ministry of Labour, and spent time as UK representative at the International Labour Organisation in Geneva. He found fame with Requiem (1927), and in 1930 was mooted as a successor to Robert Bridges as Poet Laureate. He edited over forty books of verse and prose, and wrote many reviews. See Philip Bagguley, Harlequin in Whitehall: A Life of Humbert Wolfe, Poet and Civil Servant, 1885–1940 (1997).
1.VirginiaWoolf, Virginia Woolf (1882–1941), novelist, essayist and critic: see Biographical Register.
4.W. B. YeatsYeats, William Butler ('W. B.') (1865–1939), Irish poet and playwright: see Biographical Register.