[22 Paradise Rd., Northampton, Mass.]
The mails have produced nothing for nearly a fortnight, but as I go to London tomorrow, I shall not wait longer. It'Towards a Christian Britain';a4 isBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC);c3 true that I only spend one night, at the BBC: but it is so long since I have been that it seems a very important event. Nextde la Mares, thegive TSE wartime refuge;a6 week I intend to go up on Tuesday until Thursday night (Friday being Good Friday) and shall be at Much Hadham for two nights.
It was a relief to have to turn in my script for the talk, as I should have gone on re-writing it indefinitely. I think that each of the three revisions has improved it; but there is a point beyond which one is likely to do only harm, and I was already beginning to feel stale. I know of no type of literary effort which demands so much toil for apparently so little as a broadcast talk: its effect, if any, is immediate and probably transitory, and can never be fully gauged. Thewritingfor broadcast;d5 ideal talk, in my opinion, is not one which the reader will feel he wants to read afterwards: that means that one has tried to convey more than can be conveyed in a speech. So this will be of no use to me for any later publication. The'Christian Conception of Education, The';a4 paperArchbishop of York's Conference, Malvern 1941proceedings to be published;a8 on education, on the other hand, which I have just rewritten and turned in for publication in the volume of Malvern papers, will be of use in future though not in its present form.1 ILittle Giddinglatent within TSE;a8 can’t get down to the book until I can produce the fourth poem, which is sticking somewhere inside me and will cause me discomfort until I have got it out; but it doesn’t seem to be ready for writing, yet; and perhaps I shall have to do both the American broadcast, andDawson, Christopherpromised article for Dublin Review;a9 a paper I have in mind to write for Christopher Dawson for the Dublin Review on the artist and the public, first. The latter is now topical because of an attack on all modern art in The Times, under the title of ‘The Eclipse of the Highbrow’ and ensuing correspondence:2 and would lead up to another one, also prospective material for my volume, on the formation of intellectual élites.
So you see I have plenty to do. ICouncil of the Universities Mission to Central Africa;a1 have been asked to join the Council of the Universities Mission to Central Africa, andClassical AssociationTSE disqualifies himself for presidency;a1 to allow my name to be proposed for the Presidency of the Classical Association – both of which I have declined on the ground of lack of qualification. IUniversity of BristolTSE's Lewis Fry Lectures;a3 haveLewis Fry LecturesTSE commits to;a1 however promised (I may have mentioned this) to deliver my Shakespeare lectures (which you have) at Bristol in October,3 andUniversity of GlasgowTSE's W. P. Ker Memorial Lecture;a1 to'Music of Poetry, The';a1 deliver a foundation lecture on poetry at Glasgow early in 1942.4 The weather to-day played an April Fool trick, but has been springlike: certainflowers and floraprimroses;c4and the English spring;a1 sheltered branks [sc. banks] begin to be dotted yellow with primroses (IEnglandEnglish countryside;c2in primrose season;a6 forget whether you have ever been in the English country in primrose time) andbirdscuckoo;b4as herald of spring;a2 one cocks an ear in hope of the first cuckoo. Ibirdsnightingale;c8associated with Pike's Farm;a5 hopePike's Farmgraced by nightingales;b5 also that there will be a nightingale here: I associate them more with Pike’s Farm, where they used to sing loudly. AShamley Wood, Surreydramatis personae;a4 goodMirrlees, Emily Lina ('Mappie', née Moncrieff)secures better gardener for Shamley;b3 deal of the burden has been taken off my mind by Mrs. M. having finally secured an ablebodied middle-aged man, competent both with gardens and motor engines, who inspires confidence and has the additional qualification of being a member of the Auxiliary Fire Service. As soon as the elderly man, who is always ailing, and whom Mrs. M. has now decided is not even a very efficient gardener, and is wholly ignorant of machinery, can be removed, the new man will have his cottage on the place; and I shall feel much freer to go away for visits. TheSinclair, Marjorie, Baroness Pentland;a1 local society is what you would expect – I had tea with a very charming Lady Pentland5 the other day – but it is no substitute for one’s friends. I certainly mean to get to Cambridge during April, andRichmonds, the;a9 IWoolfs, the;e9Woolf, Leonard
When you last wrote your Easter holidays were too far ahead to be mentioned; and now, I dare say, they are over or nearly over. You will have to make your summer plans very early indeed if I am to know anything about them beforehand! IShamley Wood, Surreydaily and weekly life at;a3 am myself quite well again, and have been taking other exercise than walking this week, by sawing wood with the new hired man after tea. ItSecond World WarBattle of Cape Matapan;c7 never seems worth while to comment on public events (such as the recent sea battle in the Mediterranean)6 or on the prospects of the war, as so much happens in between. You will be, I have no doubt, at Northampton over Easter; andChrist Church, Shamley GreenHoly Week 1941 at;a6 you will think of me, for the first time on that holy day, in a simple village church.
1.‘The Christian Conception of Education’, in Malvern, 1941: The Life of the Church and the Order of Society, Being the Proceedings of the Archbishop of York’s Conference (1942), 201–13: CProse 6, 246–56.
2.‘EclipseSpender, Stephen'Eclipse of the Highbrow' controversy;b8n ofTimes, The'Eclipse of the Highbrow' controversy;a3n the Highbrow’, The Times, 23 Mar.: ‘In a sane and lively little book of reflections just published Lord Elton attacks, among other things, “that weak and arrogant contempt for the common man” which has tainted so much of the intellectualism of the past twenty years. He sees the cause of it in the last War, when so many who should have become the leaders of the next generation died, leaving their places to be filled by those who had deliberately stood aside from the conflict and slipped back into a world grown weary and careless, jealously eager to deride and belittle those “unspectacular virtues” such as endurance, unselfishness, and discipline, which were admired while the fighting lasted. Those are the virtues which the highbrow – being often impatient, intolerant, self-indulgent, and touchy – for the most part lacks, but which the ordinary citizen must possess if he is to achieve any sort of security for himself […]
‘Neither in art nor in politics or morals, however, was that doctrine popular among the intellectuals of the nineteen-twenties and thirties. With them high endeavour was out of fashion. They preferred a hasty brilliance, which degenerated rapidly into a habitual clever triviality, upon which, in turn, the more conscientious performers (for there is conscience even in wrong-doing) laboured to graft a pedantic and deliberate obscurity or perversity. Arts were brought down to the level of esoteric parlour games. To be a poet needed much the same qualities as to be a maker of acrostics, and an admired stanza was scarcely distinguishable from an ingenious clue in a crossword puzzle. In prose there were experimenters in almost meaningless sound […] Meanwhile the public grew first bewildered and then bored … As for poetry – it would be interesting to know the drop in the publication and sale of contemporary verse between 1920 and 1940. The arts, even while sometimes declaring themselves communist, despised the common man, and he retaliated.
‘That age is past, though some of its ghosts yet walk. It had its origin in a war whose burdens and sacrifices were unequally borne […] What changes of taste this war, and the reactions following it, may produce, no one can foresee. But at least it can hardly give rise to arts unintelligible outside a Bloomsbury drawing-room, and completely at variance with those stoic virtues which the whole nation is now called upon to practise.’
The ensuing correspondence included a letter from Stephen Spender, published in The Times, 27 Mar. 1941, 5: ‘Your attack on the intellectuals of the thirties in the article entitled “Eclipse of the Highbrow” would have been less surprising in the Völkischer Beobachter [the newspaper of the Nazi Party] than The Times.
‘These people, whom you accuse of triviality and “hasty brilliance” and of “playing parlour games,” were, in fact, many of them, the prophets of the present conflict between Democracy and Fascism at a time when Lord Elton, whom you single out for praise, and your leading articles were advocating a policy of appeasement and surrender to Fascism over China, Abyssinia, Czechoslovakia, Spain, &c. No doubt the speed of events and the difficulty of assimilating political material into literature hampered their development as accomplished and easy technicians. But to represent them as “experimenters in almost meaningless sound,” without giving any names, is as misleading as it is to suggest that the sales of contemporary poetry dropped between 1920 and 1940: at a time when poetry showed new life and enjoyed considerable popularity.
‘At this moment most of those whom you attack by implication are serving the cause of Democracy. In doing so they are conscious of resisting not merely Fascism abroad, as represented in the aesthetic doctrines of Hitler, but also reactionary tendencies nearer home.’
3.The lectures on Shakespeare that TSE had delivered at Edinburgh, 27–8 Oct. 1937, were repurposed as the Lewis Fry Lectures given at Bristol University, 2–3 Oct. 1941. Unpublished in TSE’s lifetime: see ‘The Development of Shakespeare’s Verse: Two Lectures’, CProse 5, 531–61.
4.TSE was to deliver ‘The Music of Poetry’ – the third W. P. Ker Memorial Lecture at the University of Glasgow – on 24 Feb. 1942: CProse 6, 310–25.
5.MarjorieSinclair, Marjorie, Baroness Pentland Sinclair, Baroness Pentland, DBE (1880–1970), who grew up in Canada, was the widow of John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland (1860–1925).
6.On 28/29 Mar. British forces surprised and destroyed five Italian warships (with a loss of 4,000 Italian lives) in the night-time Battle of Cape Matapan, off southern Greece.
2.ChristopherDawson, Christopher Dawson (1889–1970), cultural historian: see Biographical Register.
3.HopeMirrlees, Emily Lina ('Mappie', née Moncrieff) Mirrlees’s mother was Emily Lina Mirrlees, née Moncrieff (1862–1948) – known as ‘Mappie’ or ‘Mappy’ – see Biographical Register.
5.MarjorieSinclair, Marjorie, Baroness Pentland Sinclair, Baroness Pentland, DBE (1880–1970), who grew up in Canada, was the widow of John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland (1860–1925).
12.Stephen SpenderSpender, Stephen (1909–95), poet and critic: see Biographical Register.