[41 Brimmer St., Boston]
Your letter of the 15th (postmarked the 16th) arrived to-day, eight days is very good, isn’t it? though as you say, letters from Boston have seemed oddly slower, relatively and even absolutely, than from and to Seattle. It gave me a particular pleasure, though I cannot always say why one letter makes me happier than another; is it something between the lines? I have been very rushed lately – but if one is always in London, then there are always engagements which cannot be avoided; the only way to escape is to be able to hide oneself in the country, which I cannot do. And I have felt very tired lately, which has meant lying abed later, and so shortening my morning work. IGeorge, Robert Esmonde Gordon ('Robert Sencourt');a3 have to rush off to lunch with Gordon George (whom you know) andBarnes, James Stratchey;a2 Jim Barnes, thenFaber and Faber (F&F)in financial straits;a4 back here to a monthly board meeting, which will no doubt exhibit very depressing financial figures, and I shall leave this letter in the hope of adding another paragraph after the meeting; thenHutchinsons, the;a3 this evening out to dinner with St. John Hutchinsons, old friends – lunchDouglas, Major Clifford Hugh ('C. H.');a3 tomorrowGrieve, Christopher Murray;a1 withWhyte, James Huntingdon ('J. H.');a1 Major Douglas, Grieve1 and Whyte2 – teaMorrell, Lady Ottolinethe Eliots to tea with;a8 with Ottoline3 – lunchCattaui, Georges;a2 Thursday with Cattaui at the St James’s Club – FridayShakespeare Association Councilmeeting of;a1 a council meeting of the Shakespeare Association – andMarston, JohnTSE's paper on;a1 next week a paper to prepare on John Marston for the Elizabethan Society. And so on. IHale, Emilybirthdays, presents and love-tokens;w2TSE sends Terry–Shaw correspondence for EH's birthday;a2 have sent you the promised birthday book of Ellen Terry and Shaw: I have not had time to dip into it myself, so I shall depend eagerly upon your report of it, when you have time to read some. ButKeats, Johnthen promised to EH;a3 I shall send a copy of Keats’s Letters for our occasional bedtime reading, to last until the spring; Letters and Journals are so suitable for that kind of reading. IHügel, Friedrich vonLetters from Baron Friedrich von Hügel to a Niece;a7 amHale, Emilyreading;w8Letters from Baron Friedrich von Hügel to a Niece;a2 very glad that you will find something in the Von Huegel [sc. Hügel], because the book has meant much to me, though I do not believe I have read it through.
TheSmith, DodieAutumn Crocus;a1 play you describe sounds like a play I saw last spring, called ‘Autumn Crocus’,4 though perhaps it is less vulgar, and there is a good deal of farcical comedy in ‘Autumn Crocus’. This play has been immensely successful, and is still running; and I must say that it was well acted, Francis Lederer being particularly good. The heroine is a very poor little schoolmistress from Manchester, who on her first holiday in the Tyrol falls immediately in love with the local hotel-keeper, who turns out to be married. She and her friend were only to be at the hotel for one night, but the hotel-keeper urges her to stay on. She is finally dissuaded by her friend, and returns to her dull job in England. But the point is that she seems to have no moral struggle whatever, and is really preserved from becoming the hotel-keeper’s mistress merely by her friend’s greater force of character, and (what is the matter with this typewriter?) on chiefly prudential grounds. What however is more offensive is a sub-plot of two young English people who are carrying out a ‘trial marriage’ at the hotel; there is a good deal of comedy between them and a stock size Vicar who is shocked, and the Vicar’s elderly maiden sister who is not shocked, and who gets tipsy by drinking too much brandy after being lost in a forest. The play is advertised by a placard of caricature sketches of the characters, and on the board the young couple are designated as ‘living in sin’. Yet it has played for many months to large houses of ordinary suburban people – the sort who make up the bulk of audiences – and they receive all the discussions of companionate marriage with roars of delight. It is a curious commentary upon the present time. RestorationWycherley, WilliamThe Country Wifecompared to Autumn Crocus;a1 Comedy is to my mind far more moral (as well as often very funny, e.g. ‘The Country Wife’) because it is not in any way subversive of morals; it recognises, I consider, the moral laws, and simply makes sport with the people who transgress them.5
AllChristianityevil;b6TSE's belief in;a1 this sort of thing is very troubling. The vicious, of course, we have always with us to the end of the world; but I am inclined to believe that the best agents of the Devil are unconscious agents, not the people who are bad and know it, but the people who preach evil in the name of virtue, reason and human happiness. It may sound hysterical or superstitious to you – to me it would have seemed so ten years ago – but I do believe in the existence of ‘powers and principalities’ of darkness as well as of light, theSt. Paul;a1 powers of which St. Paul speaks in one of his letters; and that we can expose ourselves either to the good or the evil.6 Does this seem quite fantastic, that anyone should talk this way in quite a literal sense?
I have just had a disappointment. I told you that I had finally ordered a print of that third photograph for you; they took a very long time making it; but it arrived yesterday and turned out to be not the one I ordered but the old profile which you had long ago. So I have written a furious letter and now we must start all over again.
IMcKnight Kauffer, Edwardhis cover for Triumphal March;a2 agree that McKnight Kauffer is not an ideal illustrator, though I must say that his drawing for Triumphal March seems to me the best so far (it seems that he is now imitating Chirico instead of the earlier Cubist styles of ten or twelve years ago);7 but it really is a choice of evils, and I do not know of anyone available who would not be worse. I tried to make a change with ‘Animula’ and the result was not at all happy.8 Youpoetrythe danger of illustrating;a1 see, what I want for my poem is not an illustration but a design – that is the great danger of illustrating poetry anyway, that the illustrator will merely impose his own particular interpretation of the poem upon the reader, instead of letting the reader, if he can, get his own direct impression. This however is the last occasion; for the market for those Christmas card poems is pretty well exhausted; and I should never have illustrations to any collection of poems. IfSweeney AgonistesTSE's desire to illustrate;a1 I ever finished my dramatic poem, ‘Sweeney Agonistes’, I might have that illustrated, because the illustrations there would be justified as ‘sets’ for the theatre; but then I should try to get an illustrator who would be content to carry out my own conception of what the characters look like.
IHinkleys, thehave never asked after EH's mother;b3 am surprised that the Hinkleys’ (one always speaks of them in the plural) had never asked about your mother; but probably people who have no experience of such matters feel more diffidence in speaking of them. (I do not know, by the way, how high you would ‘rate’ Eleanor in degree of intimacy among your other friends). IHale, Emily Jose Milliken (EH's mother)a comparison regretted and refined;a6 fear that what I last said may have pained you; of course I wrote it with all reserves knowing that none of my observations may apply in the least to your mothers’ [sic] case. But I do pray for such sufferers that they should not feel acutely. As IEliot, Vivien (TSE's first wife, née Haigh-Wood)mental state;e8compared to EH's mother's;a4 say, I only know the type of case of those who are convinced that they are persecuted and wronged, not the type of those (much rarer perhaps) who are possessed with the delusion that they have done wrong. But from the point of view of possible improvement I doubt whether the case is more hopeful because of more acute suffering than because of less: because always they are suffering for other reasons than those which they invent for themselves. I can understand your feeling about it, because when you know that the person is not suffering as much as he professes to suffer, you feel more cut off from the person. But there, I feel that in well-meaning attempts, I have already, and in previous letters, said too much already. It is not that I want to spare your feelings, for if I were in a position to know enough, I should always tell you quite frankly what I believed to be the truth – as I hope you would with me; it is merely that I may have said more than I am justified in saying on what little I know. And I think that a really good and understanding doctor, if your mother has one, can understand much better than you can, whose feelings are too deeply involved. Anyway, I hope you will forgive me.
This has been a very scrappy letter. I started it on Tuesday, but was not able to get enough written to be worth sending, and have been adding to it on Wednesday, Thursday and to-day Friday. It will be the first time that I have ever missed a Tuesday post, and please do not reprove me, because writing to you is the chief avocation and delight of my life, and it is far more exasperating to me to have to miss a post, than it can be to you not to receive a letter.
I continue to worry about your starving yourself. Really I don’t see how you can live on a dollar a day, unless the cost of food in Boston is much lower than it is in London. (IGreat Depression in the United Kingdom ('Great Slump')the 1931 Sterling Crisis;a1 predict that the cost of living in England is going to soar by the spring; the pound is still falling; tariffs are going to do very little good; in six months the country will be simmering with discontent; and I should not be surprised within a year to see a coup d’état: political predictions are usually wrong, so here are mine. Have you been able to supply yourself with any new clothes, and have you even enough warm things for the winter? For with undernourishment, and poor clothes (even the psychological effect of being shabby is a drain on the energy) I am afraid that my Emily may have a serious illness, and then what would become of me, please?
IThorps, the;a7 hope we can soon have the Thorps to a meal. IRossetti, Christinaadmired by TSE;a3 do like Christina Rossetti. IThorp, Margaret (née Farrand)TSE on;a3 also like Mrs. Thorp very much, both intelligent and sensitive I thought. HerThorp, Willardgrows on TSE;a6 husband I did not take to at first, but I think he improves; he looks too juvenile, but has I think a pretty alert and perceptive mind underneath his chubby exterior.
I was much interested by your account of your meeting with Dr. Park.
No further news from Harvard.
27 Nov. 31
1.ChristopherGrieve, Christopher MurrayMacDiarmid, Hugh
Grieve remarked to the novelist Neil M. Gunn on 3 May 1928: ‘Now as to Eliot, I believe (vide Drunk Man) he’s a Scotsman by descent – but it’s a damned long descent: and mentally he certainly fills the role you seem to have cast him for in your papers. He is pure Boston – ultra-English classicist in criticism: that’s what makes him so unintelligible to mere English conventionalists – they can’t follow their own ideas to their logical conclusions well enough to recognise their own supporters’ (MacDiarmid, Letters, 222).
2.J. H. WhyteWhyte, James Huntingdon ('J. H.'), editor of The Modern Scot (St Andrews). See Towards a New Scotland: Being a Selection from ‘The Modern Scot’ (1935).
3.The journal of OM includes this entry from Nov. 1931:
TheMorrell, Lady Ottolinewhich she records;a9n T. S. Eliots came to tea. She breathed out Ether so much that I felt nearly ‘etherized’.
It makes her so excited, so odd ,.. so childish & uncontrolled – like a wayward child,. & one never knows what on earth she is Going to say or Do .. the Dog is a continual anxiety . - . as she never lets the poor little thing have its run – so of course it makes messes .. & this she wipes or wants to wipe up with her handkerchief.
It is like sitting in a room with Electric wires all round – & if one strays or moves or speaks of some subjects a movement or a voice may touch some current of which one is ignorant & a spluttering of fire may ensue!!
I spoke of Tom looking young -- & she said why do some people look young. Tom said: some people are kept young through Drink & instanced De Quincey & Coleridge.
She at once flared up, & said why do you say such a thing Tom – It has upset me Now for the whole evening – saying a thing like that, It is in bad taste.”
I foresaw a conflagration –- & sparks on both sides – so I had to put my hand on her & say – He was only discussing a question in a physiological way. He wasn’t saying anything personal” -- but such outbursts & such electricity in the atmosphere is very exhausting.
To get any conversation at all, one has to dodge, . [sic] & run in & step & then suddenly to dash round corners as fast as one can & it is exciting for one to keep her lively & amused & looked after … Try to keep Tom interested intellectually.
But I cannot help being fond of her & of him too. For we have much in common & I respect him intellectually.
They are my kind of friends however mad & Detrache - ! It is these sort of people that I am happiest with --.
4.Autumn Crocus (1931), a play by Dodie Smith (writing as C. L. Anthony), dir. Basil Dean, which opened at the Lyric Theatre in Apr. 1931, starred Fay Compton and Francis Lederer.
5.See TSE on The Country Wife: Criterion 2: 8 (July 1924), p. 374.
6.‘For we battle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places’ (Ephesians 6: 12).
7.Triumphal March (Ariel Poems no. 35), with two illustrations by E. McKnight Kauffer, was published on 8 Oct. 1931, in a run of 2,000 copies.
8.Animula (1929) was illustrated with woodblock prints by Gertrude Hermes (1901–83).
9.JamesBarnes, James Stratchey Strachey Barnes (1890–1955), son of Sir Hugh Barnes. Brought up in Florence by his grandparents, Sir John and Lady Strachey, he went on to Eton and King’s College, Cambridge. During WW1 he served in the Guards and Royal Flying Corps. TSE to Sir Robert Vansittart, 12 Jan. 1939 (Letters 9, 16–17): ‘Barnes is the younger brother of an old friend of mine, Mrs St John Hutchinson … He wrote two books on Fascism … and was one of its earliest champions in this country. He was brought up in Italy (before going to Eton: he was subsequently in the Blues, then a Major in the Air Force, and at King’s after the War), has an Italian wife, and is the most convinced pro-Italian and pro-Fascist that I know. He is a Roman Catholic convert, and has or had some honorary appointment at the Vatican; but manages to combine this with a warm admiration for Mussolini, from which it follows that he has disapproved of British policy whenever that policy did not favour Italian policy … In private life he is rather a bore, and talks more than he listens, somewhat failing to appreciate that the person to whom he is talking may have other interests and other engagements.’ See too David Bradshaw and James Smith, ‘Ezra Pound, James Strachey Barnes (“the Italian Lord Haw-Haw”) and Italian Fascism’, Review of English Studies 64 (2013), 672–93.
3.GeorgesCattaui, Georges Cattaui (1896–1974), Egyptian-born (scion of aristocratic Alexandrian Jews: cousin of Jean de Menasce) French diplomat and writer; his works include T. S. Eliot (1958), Constantine Cavafy (1964), Proust and his metamorphoses (1973). TSE to E. R. Curtius, 21 Nov. 1947: ‘I received the book by Cattaui [Trois poètes: Hopkins, Yeats, Eliot (Paris, 1947)] and must say that I found what he had to say about myself slightly irritating. There are some personal details which are unnecessary and which don’t strike me as in the best taste.’
5.C. H. DouglasDouglas, Major Clifford Hugh ('C. H.') (1879–1952), British engineer; proponent of the Social Credit economic reform movement. Noting that workers were never paid enough for them to purchase the goods they produced, Douglas proposed that a National Dividend (debt-free credit) should be distributed to all citizens so as to make their purchasing power equal to prices. Major works are Economic Democracy and Credit-Power and Democracy (1920); Social Credit (1924).
3.RobertGeorge, Robert Esmonde Gordon ('Robert Sencourt') Esmonde Gordon George – Robert Sencourt (1890–1969) – critic, historian, biographer: see Biographical Register.
1.ChristopherGrieve, Christopher MurrayMacDiarmid, Hugh
2.EdwardMcKnight Kauffer, Edward McKnight Kauffer (1890–1954), American artist and illustrator: see Biographical Register. His partner was Marion Dorn (1896–1964), textile designer.
4.LadyMorrell, Lady Ottoline Ottoline Morrell (1873–1938), hostess and patron: see Biographical Register.
16.MargaretThorp, Margaret (née Farrand) Farrand (1891–1970), author and journalist – see Margaret Thorp in Biographical Register.
1.Margaret Thorp, née Farrand (1891–1970), contemporary and close friend of EH; noted author and biographer. WillardThorp, Willard Thorp (1899–1990) was a Professor of English at Princeton University. See Biographical Register. See further Lyndall Gordon, Hyacinth Girl, 126–8, 158–9.
2.J. H. WhyteWhyte, James Huntingdon ('J. H.'), editor of The Modern Scot (St Andrews). See Towards a New Scotland: Being a Selection from ‘The Modern Scot’ (1935).